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Nigeria advised to do more to crack down as pangolin trade increases

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Nigerian trafficking

Nigerian advised to do more to crackdown

as pangolin trade increases

  • Training of Nigerian officials and exchanges with their customs counterparts in destination countries including China and Vietnam are expected to improve intelligence sharing and curb trafficking.
  • Enforcement and prosecution of laws against wildlife trafficking remains weak, say experts, who emphasize the need to treat the matter as a transnational crime rather than as a conservation issue.
  • Authorities seized 113 tonnes of pangolin scales originating in Nigeria between 2016 and 2019, more than half of global seizures.

Law enforcement officials around the world have seized more than 200 tonnes of pangolin scales since 2016, more than half of it linked to Nigeria, a new report has found.

The report, published February by the Wildlife Justice Commission (WJC), identified 52 major seizures of pangolin products between 2016 and 2019. More than 130 tonnes were intercepted in 2018 and 2019 alone, indicating an unprecedented increase in trafficking, often engineered by organized criminal networks. In all likelihood, “significant quantities” of pangolin scales continue to be smuggled undetected across borders and oceans.

WJC, which works to tackle organized crime in wildlife trafficking, focused on seizures of 500 kilograms (1,100 pounds) or more, collecting and analyzing media reports, as well as conducting its own investigations to fully assess the extent of the illegal trade in pangolin scales.

The report identifies 27 countries and territories “disproportionately involved” in the trafficking of pangolin scales: just six — Nigeria, Vietnam, China, Singapore, Hong Kong, and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) — accounted for 94% of all intercepted scales.

The analysis points out that the most persistent smuggling routes connect Nigeria to Vietnam and Hong Kong, with Singapore emerging as a transit hub between these countries.

The total weight linked to Nigeria irrespective of role continued to increase throughout the period studied, rising from 10.4 tonnes in 2016 to 13.2 tonnes in 2017, 36.5 tonnes in 2018, and 52.9 tonnes last year. (The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime last year pointed out that with pangolins in Nigeria seemingly already hunted to the verge of extinction, scales smuggled out of the country to Asia may originate from poaching in neighboring countries.

Pangolin traffickers. Image by USAID via Flickr (CC BY-NC 2.0)

Strengthening enforcement

Nigeria’s Endangered Species (Control of International Trade and Traffic) Act outlaws trade in pangolins. It was amended in 2016 to allow a maximum fine of 5 million naira ($13,000) or one year in prison for offenders.

But with seizures in 2019 easily outstripping 2018’s total, these penalties appear to be insufficient deterrent for either the wealthy syndicates involving Asian merchants and their Nigerian counterparts that drive the trade, or the hunters and bushmeat vendors who supply it, poaching pangolins from as far away as the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Abimbola Animashawun, an intelligence officer with the Nigeria Customs Service (NCS), says it is “worrying … that Nigerian law and penalty for such offenses is still too weak and this is not helping matters at all.”

Very few people have been convicted for wildlife trafficking offenses, despite occasional in-country seizures of large shipments of scales. Thirty-one seizures of illegal wildlife between March 2010 and August 2018 are recorded in a September 2018 submission to CITES, the global wildlife trade authority, from Nigeria’s environment ministry. But only eight of these cases were prosecuted, with three convictions: in each case, the court handed offenders a six-month jail sentence with the option to pay a fine of 100,000 naira ($260).

Enforcement at both ends of the supply chain is also hindered by corruption, according to Sarah Stoner, WJC’s director of intelligence.

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“As in any major transnational organised crime, corruption is an enabler of wildlife trafficking, and from previous investigations the WJC has identified that wildlife trafficking is often synonymous with the presence of ‘compliant’ enforcement officials who facilitate the smuggling,” Stoner told Mongabay in an email.

“There is no doubt that transnational trafficking at this scale could not happen without corruption and it continues to be the greatest challenge in addressing wildlife trafficking.”

A raft of new initiatives, including workshops for Nigeria’s enforcement officers and international exchange meetings, has been implemented by conservation groups since 2017 to improve capacity for detection, interception and intelligence sharing.

For instance, the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) has organized workshops for Nigerian customs officials to help them search and thoroughly inspect consignments to improve detection rates for illegal wildlife products such as pangolin scales and ivory, thanks to funding from the U.K. Illegal Wildlife Trade Challenge Fund. Customs officials currently prioritize efforts to intercept contraband like rice, imports of which via land border posts have been banned since 2016.

WCS says it hopes the officers who received training will be better able to prevent trafficking of pangolin scales. Additional workshops are planned for Lagos and Port Harcourt this year, said WCS Nigeria director Andrew Dunn.

In September 2019, WCS also facilitated a visit to Nigeria by top Chinese customs officials to share intelligence about Chinese nationals and others identified as part of organized networks involved in the seized pangolin scales originating from Nigeria.

This meeting, Dunn said, will help both countries better coordinate efforts to tackle trafficking of pangolins and other wildlife. There are plans for a similar visit by Vietnamese customs officials in the first half of 2020.

With additional support from the U.S. State Department’s Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, WCS is also working with Nigeria’s National Environmental Standards and Regulations Agency (NESREA) and the NCS to ensure that all seized wildlife products, such as pangolin scales and ivory, are properly catalogued in an online database and stored in secure locations around the country.

One of the WCS staff works directly with the NESREA in the Nigerian capital, Abuja, to keep reliable inventory of all seizures, improve security of the stockpile to ensure that intercepted contraband does not slip back into the market, and make the data readily available for policymakers to improve planning.

White-bellied pangolin. Image by Darren Pietersen/African Pangolin Working Group

Stoner urges stronger international cooperation and demands that trafficking of pangolin scales must be addressed as a transnational crime rather than as a conservation issue. “As in other forms of serious and organized crimes, the application of advanced investigative techniques and intelligence analysis is largely not being applied to wildlife trafficking,” she said.

Stoner points to a recent large-scale seizure of pangolin scales smuggled via Cameroon and the consequent arrest of 20 suspects as a “good example of how high-level and closely coordinated interventions to effectively disrupt the criminal networks driving the global trafficking of scales are crucial.”

Stephen Aina, the Nigerian Conservation Foundation’s coordinator for species recovery and conservation programs, says he wants custom officials to explore the use of whistle-blowers for interceptions and arrests. But he says he also believes a more coordinated approach is required to address the trafficking of pangolin.

“Efforts within the country are at best disjointed and largely uncoordinated,” Aina said.

“There is the need for stakeholders to develop a pangolin conservation blueprint and action plan that will be binding on all actors … a nationally coordinated recommendation is key.”

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Customs Corner

Customs Mourns Fallen Personnel in Katsina, Reaffirms Unwavering Commitment Towards Border Security

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Author: Muhammad Bashir.

The Nigeria Customs Service (NCS) on Wednesday, April 17, 2024, expressed deep sorrow in announcing the tragic passing of Customs Assistant II Auwal Haruna, who died in an unfortunate incident that occurred at the Gamji Makaho checkpoint in Dankama area of Katsina State.

According to a statement issued to newsmen and signed by the National Public Relations Officer, Chief Superintendent of Customs (CSC), Abdullahi Maiwada, said the sad incident was triggered when a team of Customs officers attached to Katsina Area Command attempted to intercept a convoy of over fifty vehicles transporting goods suspected to be smuggled outside the Country.

CSC Maiwada, in the statement, noted, “Haruna and his fellow officers exhibited remarkable courage in their duty to thwart these audacious economic saboteurs. Their actions sparked a confrontation with an enraged mob who viciously attacked and fatally assaulted CA II Auwal Haruna.”

He narrated that the late Customs Officer has since been laid to rest according to Islamic rites in his hometown, Kayawa, under the Dutsi Local Government Area of Katsina State.

The Comptroller-General of Customs, Bashir Adewale Adeniyi MFR, and the entire NCS management team extended heartfelt condolences to the family of CA II Auwal Haruna.

He also vehemently condemned the disheartening act of violence that led to his untimely demise and assures a comprehensive investigation into this tragic incident to ensure justice is served.

The CGC, who underscored the perilous challenges officers face in their daily mission to safeguard the nation’s borders under his stewardship, assured that the Service stands firmly united with the fallen officer’s family during this period of profound grief.

“The NCS remains steadfast in its efforts to combat illegal activities such as smuggling, prioritising Nigeria’s border integrity while ensuring the safety of citizens and dedicated customs personnel.” the statement said.

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Customs Corner

Customs TCIP Command Records 139% Target Surplus for 2024 1st Quarter

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Author: Vivian Daniel.

The Nigeria Customs Service Tincan Island Area Command, Lagos, has unveiled its extraordinary achievements, having recorded significant revenue generation for the 1st Quarter of 2024.

In a press statement signed on Monday, 15 April 2024, by Ngozi Okwara, the Command Public Relations Officer, on behalf of the Customs Area Controller, Comptroller Dera Nnadi, revealed that the command’s first-quarter revenue goal for 2024 increased by 139%, amounting to a difference of ₦177,079,358,035.36, compared to the same period in 2023.

According to the statement, the Command recorded a total collection of ₦303,937,547,265.47 in the first quarter of 2024, as opposed to ₦126,858,189,231.31 recorded in the same period of 2023.

For the export activities of the Command, in terms of volume (MT) and value (FOB), export trade also witnessed exponential growth within the same period under review. Comparatively, the tonnage of goods exported via TCIP increased from 145,906.33 MT in 2023 to 251,679.89 MT in 2024, representing an increase of 95.3%.

Likewise, there was an over 300% increase in the FOB value of exports, rising from ₦80,993,580,710 to ₦287,792,767,415.00 between Q1 2023 and Q1 2024, respectively.

In his remarks, Comptroller Dera Nnadi congratulated officers, men, and stakeholders of the command for embracing service delivery and teamwork, surpassing the first-quarter revenue target of 2024. He acknowledged the efforts of all units within the Area Command in achieving these results.

“I challenge you to come up with modalities and new strategies to meet the revenue target for April and the months ahead despite the series of holidays the country has embarked upon,” the CAC emphasised.

“Stakeholders should be highly esteemed and treated with respect, but with due diligence to identify compliant and non-compliant traders,” he noted.

The Customs Area Controller emphasised that the Command’s enforcement and anti-smuggling unit has not relented in its effort to combat smuggling and all forms of criminality. According to him, the NCS, being the lead agency at the ports, has coordinated several 100% physical examinations under his supervision, ensuring compliance with international trade regulations.

“The anti-smuggling activities of the Command recorded a total seizure of 57 packets of heroin weighing 56.390kg with a street value of ₦902,240,000.00; 3,612 packets of Colorado Indica weighing 956.772kg with a street value of ₦4,055,400,000.00. All the seized illicit drugs have been handed over to the relevant sister agencies,” he added.

The statement also highlighted some stakeholders’ activities of the Area Command, including hosting various sessions of Stakeholders’ forums for Shipping Companies, Terminal Operators, Freight Forwarders, and Security Agencies, both physically and virtually, aimed at enhancing communication channels and minimising revenue loss.

The CAC equally notified stakeholders of the Command’s challenges and the efforts were put in place to overcome them, especially regarding goods released from terminals within the port premises.

“I have the honour to inform you that irrespective of the challenges observed, the Area Command has not relented in its efforts to achieve its aim. The Time Release Study (TRS) aims to enhance efficiency and effectiveness within Customs Operations by assessing the time it takes for goods to be released from terminals within the port premises. This will be unveiled with time, yet be assured that there is progress,” he stated.

In efforts to create a level playing field for importers and stakeholders by decongesting the ports, the Area Controller encouraged stakeholders to strategize for the formation of new terminals. He noted that activities have commenced at the terminals.

The CAC appreciated the support and leadership of the Comptroller-General of Customs, Bashir Adewale Adeniyi, towards consolidating the capacity of the Service through innovation and creativity.

“We continue to express our profound appreciation for the support and clear sense of direction from the Comptroller General of Customs, and his management team for their relentless efforts towards strengthening the Service’s capacity and introducing innovative methods to perform its statutory responsibilities in line with international best practices,” he extolled.

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Customs Corner

Nigeria Customs Personnel Complete Intensive Weapon Handling Training, Study Tour

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Nigeria Customs Personnel Complete Intensive Weapon Handling Training, Study Tour

By Ibe Wada

Officers and men of the Nigeria Customs Service, Federal Operation Unit, Zone A, have completed a one-month intensive weapon handling training along with a study tour to Gbaji Check Point, Badagry.

The Commandant of the Nigeria Customs Training College, Ikeja, DC Haniel Hadison, who spearheaded the sixty-six participants and other officers to Gbaji on Tuesday, April 16, 2024, noted that the initiative is aimed at bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and real-world application.

He said, “Our outing is in line with the concerted efforts of the Comptroller General of Customs, Bashir Adewale Adeniyi, MFR, in capacity building, and we are thankful for the approval of the one-month weapon training of some selected officers of the Federal Operations Unit, Zone A, Ikeja”.

“We are here this morning at Gbaji, the approved checkpoints manned by the Federal Operations Unit and other sister agencies. We have brought our students to come and see how checkpoint activities are being carried out to relate what they have learned to what is happening in real-time at the checkpoint. ” He added.

DC Hadison explained that the study tour aligns with the college’s curriculum regarding customs activities.

“For the past three weeks or thereabouts, these selected officers of FOU ‘A’ have undergone weapon handling and checkpoints exercises, also exposed to different Customs activities as it relates to enforcement, such as weapon handling and discipline, escorts activities, bodily duties and other enforcement activities, patrols activities, arrest techniques as it concerns global best practices.” He stated.

Hadison emphasised that the training is a continuous one, as the Service will continue to expose officers to best practices of weapons handling and discipline.

He appreciated the CGC for the opportunity given, even on the last day of the training.

After teaching and showing the officers firsthand techniques on checkpoint assessment, Assistant Comptroller Adewale Egunjobi, the Officer in Charge of Operations, Gbaji, expressed satisfaction with the student’s performance, affirming their readiness to assume greater responsibilities within the service.

“It’s a mission accomplished. Today marks one of my best days in the service, witnessing these students showcase their skills. I have complete confidence in their abilities to uphold customs’ standards. “.

Chief Superintendent of Customs Ibrahim Salati, the National Coordinator of Rural-Urban Border Patrol Operations, commended the officers’ proficiency in weapon handling and enforcement techniques.

Salati emphasised the importance of practical training in preparing officers for their duties.

“When you look at them, the way they handle rifles shows that the purpose of the training has been achieved,” Salati stated.

“We owe gratitude to the CGC and the Commandant for emphasising the practical side of training, ensuring our officers are well-prepared to tackle enforcement tasks.”. He concluded.

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